Chronodynamic: Study of time

 

Chronodynamic: Study of time

Rheo.J

(Dated : October 23, 2022)

 

Key points :

-Time

-General relativity

-4D Navier-Stokes

-Quantum mechanics

 

Introduction

In this paper I would like to present my ideas for the development of a new unified theory of physics. My basic premise is our misinterpretation of what time is. I would then try to explore the physics of time, what the laws of time might be. Thus trying to explain physically the interaction between space-time and its content. An interaction that we can only observe through our 3D perception of our environment.

 

In my opinion, time is the key to successfully unifying the theories of quantum mechanics and general relativity. Indeed, time behaves differently at the quantum scale and at the macroscopic scale. Can a law explain this difference in behaviour?

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In the past, time was explained by science as a great clock that dictated universal time to the entire universe. This era was abolished after Einstein's discovery of special relativity, time is described as moving, it can expand, energies and masses interact with it. Einstein invented the removable space-time, which today makes it possible to explain the functioning of gravity as we know it.

Time, however, retains as its unit the years, hours and seconds, all of which are based on the periodicity of the earth's rotations.

Time as a dimension of space-time contains in today's description the past, the present and the future. As if time were the memory of the universe. One could find in it every moment unfolding throughout the universe, present, past and future, moments that have already taken place and those to come. A line programmed to unfold in a certain order.

On the other hand we still assume that we do not know enough about time.

Past, present and future are reduced to concepts, not observable and verifiable. Past and future describe a memory and an imagination, but nothing physical. It is an idea that we create for ourselves because we have a brain, which is capable of retaining these moments and compiling them, but I do not think that the universe has a memory. The present, on the other hand, is much more concrete. It is the moment that we live in continuously. For me, we have a well-defined position in space but also in time. The present is our position in time.

This suggests the theory I want to put in place.

If we could go back in time, we would find ourselves in a position and time where the earth is no longer. We would be leaving the present that we share with the earth. The earth has its own present, the same as ours now. We would move in relation to our initial reference point. We would have to go back in time and not our own time to find a time and place (on earth). But in this case it would be reversing the flow of time and we would not observe any change. If we move with the rest of the universe.

But why does time interact with matter? Einstein's formula is built on observations and is not transparent. It is somewhat of a black box. Phenomena like dark matter and dark energy require the addition of exotic and unobserved matter.

Einstein's theory is built on 3D observations of a 4D universe. We cannot extend our knowledge outside our visible domain but we can assume that some behaviours like those described by general relativity are apparent phenomena of a larger mechanism of which we can see some effects in our 3D space.

There is a concept more fundamental than time and which intervenes in a great number of physics formulas: the celerity, the speed of causality (c). I would like to revise space-time by separating from time as a 4th dimension. Indeed, how can we assume that this 4th dimension is so different from the other 3? The fourth dimension of space-time is a dimension of space coupled to this speed of causality.

So the speed of causality is the speed of flow (of time) along this 4th dimension of space (which thus describes the direction of flow of time). There is no speed without time, you may say. But can there be time without motion? Time can then be reduced to a constructed tool, based on celerity, a velocity coefficient.

A causal time should be constructed. Based on the speed of causality (c), and on a unit of distance, metric. Causal time would then be a coefficient based on the velocity of the celerity.

When a massless photon is emitted it takes the speed c, like a light leaf, which falls into a river will follow the current without any resistance. When it is emitted a wave is also emitted. The wave-corpuscle duality. A wave that spreads out in all directions of space, at the same speed (c). This wave looks like a bubble that is spreading. Its actual representation on the time line is the light cone. Each slice of this cone is an empty sphere (bubble) in 3D space.

Let's go back to the representation of time with the light cones. It represents only the positions that a body can reach by extending constrained by a unidirectional current, without being able to move itself in that direction. A body contained in 3D space constrained along the 4th direction. Several bodies can follow each other on this line in different (3D) hyperplanes.

Gravity can then be described as a phenomenon emerging from 4D fluid mechanics and is not a force. It is the interaction between a fluid and bodies. Space-time is not a web but a 4D fluid, which can also be materialised as a field, in which 3D bodies bathe. This corresponds to the field theory with which relativity is correlated. But adding a physical meaning to it.

We must then study the behaviour of a 4D fluid on a 3D body.

This is a model of a solid-liquid mixture, i.e. suspensions of "soft" particles, the fluid being in the great majority in front of the bodies, a description of Coussot and Ancey [AC99]. The presence of particles within the fluid modifies its flow, which in turn will act on the dynamics of the particles. Gravity is an interaction that reflects the effects of one particle on another, transmitted by the fluid.

 

We can then turn to the Navier-Stokes formula by adding a dimension:

 

Assuming that the fourth dimension is time t =x_w then (x,y,z,t) becomes (w,x,y,z).

The Hyrdo-static result of the equation is for zero velocity values in 3D space.

 

This version of the Navier-Stockes formula is a 4D representation of space that allows space-time to be linked to its content, by getting rid of time. It takes up the operation of Einstein's formula but modifies its meaning. The impulse-energy is a pressure of Einstein's formula, is by dimensional analysis a pressure.

I would like to succeed in recovering the Einstein formula from the Navier-Stockes equation.

This model offers a new vision of the multiverse. The multiverse is then a stack of 3D hyperplanes according to the direction of time. With a unique version of the earth in its own hyperplane. Dark matter is then the presence in a nearby (3D) hyperplane of matter, which can then act through its proximity to our hyperplane.

Two nearby bodies falling into a fluid attract each other, because of the interaction they have with the fluid. The drag of the first body will attract the second.

We can look at the shape of a trail of a 3D body in a 4D fluid. In the manner of the light cone, each slice (circle) of the trail in the 2 dimensions of space represented and a fourth (time) dimension of space, represents a sphere in the visible 3D space that shrinks with the flow (of time). We know that the fluid exerts a surface tension on the drag. The drag of N is superimposed with N+1, N+2... shifting along the 4th (time) direction. All these pressures result in gravity. If a body disappears its drag will diminish after a little time, equivalent to the length of the drag over time.

One should not ignore the behaviour at the quantum scale, where time acts in a very different way. The particles are in superpositions of states. The interaction with the fluid is different, because the latter is discontinuous on a quantum scale. We can consider a Brownian behaviour of quantum particles by considering time as a fluid.

The virtual particles necessary for quantum mechanics are particles that move between hyperplanes - their direction does not allow us to observe them, because the displacement is not in our hyperplane.

Dark Energy is related to velocity which corresponds to the speed of extension of the universe (without taking into account the interactions between bodies). It may be a consequence of the Big Bang. In Friedman's equation the dark energy must have a negative pressure (energy is needed to shrink the volume). This negative pressure may correspond to the influence of the fluid flow velocity in the 4th direction on 3D bodies and more broadly on hyperplanes.

There must then be a particle (of time) if it is a fluid and interacts with the bodies. My proposal is the Higgs boson which gives particles an inertial mass or a virtual particle that we have not yet identified.

All the concepts presented are complex to visualise because we are 3D bodies and cannot see beyond these 3 dimensions of space. To help visualise a 4D space we need to ask ourselves what we add when we go from 1D to 2D, then 2D to 3D. A circle in 3D gives a sphere. If we pass a sphere (3D) over a plane (2D) we see a circle that grows to the centre of the sphere and then shrinks. A Hypersphere (4D) passing through a (3D) space is a sphere that grows and shrinks in the same way. Only a distinct slice is observed. This distinct slice is the present, our hyperplane in which we find ourselves.

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Conclusion:

I have written this paper in the hope of bringing a new vision. I hope it will open up new avenues of thought.

We rely only on our own experience of the world, our perception. But it may be limited to apparent phenomena of construction far more complex than ourselves. We only experience 3D.

I thought it was interesting to present my theory because I do not know of anyone proposing the same ideas and results. I did not go through with the development of all my ideas. I would also like to succeed in finding Einstein's formula from the Navier-Stockes equation, this is a job I have started to undertake.

Thank you for reading.

 

Contact me at the following email address: rheo.j@proton.me

I look forward to your feedback. I am still a student today.